Prolific Lithium Assets with a sustainable approach to Meet EV Battery Demand

Olaroz useful resource will increase 27% to twenty.7 million tonnes (” Mt” ) lithium carbonate an identical (” LCE” ), comprising 7.6 Mt of Measured Useful resource, 7.1 Mt of Indicated Useful resource and six Mt of Inferred Useful resource
General sources within the Olaroz-Cauchari basin are actually 27 Mt LCE in all useful resource classes, confirming the basin’s standing as internet hosting one of the most greatest lithium sources on the planet
The lithium grade of the Olaroz salar Measured Useful resource is 657 mg/l lithium, with the underlying Indicated Useful resource and Inferred Useful resource 612 mg/l and 604mg/l lithium respectively
The just lately obtained Maria Victoria belongings within the north of Olaroz contributed 2.8 Mt of the rise in sources, with the variation in relation to enlargement of the useful resource to the south following crowning glory of the growth drilling
The useful resource estimate is specific to at once underneath the Olaroz salar floor, aside from for the realm on the south, the place affect from enlargement gap E26 extends the useful resource underneath gravels to the west of the salar and in opposition to the Cauchari useful resource
The Olaroz basin has important exploration attainable with in depth spaces to the north of the salar floor these days untested by way of drilling and likewise extensions in opposition to the Cauchari Useful resource and to the west of the salar
The higher Olaroz useful resource, along with the Cauchari Useful resource, reinforce enlargement from Degree 1 and a couple of lithium carbonate manufacturing capability (mixed 42,500 tpa) and can shape the foundation for the Olaroz Degree 3/Cauchari enlargement research.

Allkem Managing Director and CEO, Martin Perez de Solay stated, ” This important building up within the useful resource, and the upgraded useful resource classification, confirms the arena elegance standing of Olaroz.

“The mixed 27 Mt useful resource throughout Olaroz and Cauchari helps long term subject matter enlargement of manufacturing and can shape the foundation for the Olaroz Degree 3/Cauchari enlargement research these days underway. Additional exploration will likely be required to totally take a look at the numerous attainable of the Olaroz/Cauchari basin.”

” Olaroz is complemented by way of the corporate’s fine quality Sal de Vida and James Bay Initiatives in Argentina and Canada. Those initiatives will produce lithium chemical substances to be used within the EV provide chain in spaces of low or no water rigidity, whilst contributing to the native financial system and communities,” Mr Perez de Solay stated.

2023 OLAROZ RESOURCE UPGRADE

Estimated Sources

The useful resource estimate is printed within the following tables presenting the lithium and lithium carbonate tonnages. The useful resource is damaged out by way of belongings possession, with the majority of the useful resource owned by way of the Gross sales de Jujuy three way partnership (” SdJ JV” ) comprising Allkem (66.5%) Toyota Tsusho (25%) and Jujuy Energía y Minería Sociedad del Estado (8.5%) (” JEMSE “). Allkem holds further 100% owned homes to the north of Olaroz, together with the just lately obtained Maria Victoria belongings. Those different homes were topic to restricted exploration and these days have small sources outlined.

Desk 1: Lithium Useful resource Estimate – March 2023

Lithium Resource Estimate – March 2023

Desk 2: March 2023 Lithium Useful resource Estimate by way of Proprietor

March 2023 Lithium Resource Estimate by Owner

Allkem SdJ is owned 66.5% by way of the Allkem staff. Olaroz Lithium and Maria Victoria are owned 100% by way of the Allkem staff.
JORC definitions had been adopted for mineral sources.
The Competent Individual for this Mineral Useful resource estimate is Murray Brooker, MAIG, MIAH.
No interior cut-off focus has been implemented to the useful resource estimate. The useful resource is reported at a 0 mg/l cut-off, given the constant grade of the deposit, with brine extending past the brink of the salar.
Numbers won’t upload because of rounding.
Lithium is transformed to lithium carbonate (Li2CO3 = LCE) with a conversion issue of five.32.
The higher 100 m of sediments within the gravel space off the salar west of E26 is excluded from the useful resource, as lithium concentrations to this intensity are
The useful resource estimate is restricted at intensity by way of the sediment-basement touch interpreted from the gravity geophysical survey carried out over the basin. Drilling suggests this interpretation underestimates the basin intensity.

Challenge background

An estimate of the Olaroz salar useful resource used to be undertaken in 2011 as a part of the venture Feasibility Learn about, previous to graduation of building of Degree 1 of the Olaroz Lithium Facility. That estimate known a Measured and Indicated Useful resource of 6.4 Mt of LCE over a space of 93 km ² from floor to a most intensity of 200 metres (the 2011 Useful resource ).

Following set up of the 200m intensity Degree 1 manufacturing wellfields at Olaroz a number of deeper wells had been put in as much as 350m extensive and therefore utilised for Degree 1 manufacturing. This deeper drilling intersected top porosity and permeability sand gadgets, with waft charges of over 30 litres in keeping with moment (l/s) and this highlighted the deeper useful resource attainable of the basin. Knowledge from those wells used to be used to offer an Exploration Goal in October 2014, outlining between 1.6-7.5 Mt of LCE situated under the 200m degree (the 2014 Exploration Goal ) within the salar.

As up to now said, Allkem’s Cauchari homes, (100% owned via South American Salars), are contiguous to the south of the Olaroz homes. In 2019 an extra 4.8 Mt of Measured and Indicated Useful resource and 1.5 Mt of Inferred Useful resource used to be estimated on this space (the 2019 Cauchari Useful resource ). The 2019 Cauchari Useful resource is interpreted to occupy the southern continuation of the similar aquifers provide within the Olaroz salar, which can be hooked up underneath gravel alluvium (the gravel space the place the Olaroz ponds and plant are situated). The Cauchari Useful resource isn’t extracted as a part of the Olaroz Degree 2 advancement.

Desk 3: Cauchari April 2019 Useful resource Estimate

Cauchari April 2019 Resource Estimate

JORC and CIM definitions had been adopted for mineral sources.

The Competent Individual / Certified Individual for this Mineral Useful resource estimate is Frits Reidel, CPG.

No cut-off concentrations were implemented to the useful resource estimate

Lithium is transformed to lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) with a conversion issue of five.32.

Since 2011, subject matter quantities of latest knowledge were received from exploration and manufacturing actions at Olaroz. This incorporated geological and manufacturing knowledge from Degree 1 manufacturing and tracking holes usually drilled to 200m, with some to 350m and 450 m; and the Degree 2 enlargement manufacturing and tracking holes to depths of between 450 and 650 metres. Additional info has additionally come from drilling in Cauchari, a 1,408 m deep exploration gap north of the manufacturing holes in Olaroz and geophysical surveys over the entire basin.

Degree 2 paintings program

A lot of the technical element on this unencumber used to be up to now equipped in April 2022 within the Period in-between Useful resource Estimate. The closing of the 15 wells for Degree 2 manufacturing (Determine 3) used to be finished overdue in 2022. Those manufacturing wells are actually put in to depths between 450 m and 650 m (with one gap, E15, to 751 m) and convey brine from those deeper ranges on a 1 km north-south spacing within the central to japanese space of the salar, between the unique Northern and Southern wellfields. Along with the manufacturing wells a variety of diamond drill holes equipped core and brine samples and feature allowed the set up of tracking wells. The Degree 2 manufacturing wells are these days generating a mixed waft of roughly 396 l/s, at a median in keeping with smartly of 28 l/s, since starting operation. That is significantly upper than the Degree 1 wells, that have averaged 11 l/s in keeping with smartly because the starting of 2017.

Samples from the wells had been despatched to exterior and interior laboratories for chemical research. This knowledge and downhole geophysics (from a borehole magnetic resonance device, a part of a broader suite of geophysical equipment) had been used to replace the geological type, which helps the useful resource estimate improve.

The lithium concentrations from the Degree 2 wells have recorded a median lithium grade of 643 mg/l and sundry from 544 mg/l to 789 mg/l lithium. Additional drilling knowledge and analytical effects are displayed in Appendix A under.

Belongings place

Allkem holds an intensive belongings place around the Olaroz and Cauchari basins (Determine 1). At Olaroz, Allkem owns 66.5% of homes by way of Gross sales de Jujuy SA , a three way partnership corporate with Toyota Tsusho Company (25%) and JEMSE (8.5%).

Homes held by way of SDJ within the north of the Olaroz salar have had minimum drilling, restricted to a number of 54m deep holes drilled in preliminary exploration in 2010. Sources have no longer but been outlined in those homes.

Along with its possession pursuits by way of SDJ, Allkem additionally owns, by way of Olaroz Lithium, 100% of 5 further homes within the north of the Olaroz salar, that have additionally no longer but been drilled. The just lately obtained, strategically situated, Maria Victoria belongings within the north of the Olaroz salar is 100% owned via Allkem subsidiary L. a. Frontera Minerals S.A and contributed 2.7 Mt LCE to this useful resource improve.

Allkem owns homes within the east and west of the Cauchari basin right away to the south of the Olaroz useful resource. A pre-feasibility learn about (” PFS” ) used to be finished in 2019 by way of South American Salars (now 100% Allkem) with sources and reserves.

Olaroz Basin geology

Exploration actions, since Allkem obtained the homes in 2008, have consisted of in depth geophysical methods and drilling over the Olaroz basin. Geophysical methods have incorporated AMT electric surveying, and vertical electric soundings to outline the lateral extents of the brine underneath alluvial sediments, across the margins of the salar. That is vital so as to constrain the geological and hydrogeological fashions and assess spaces for brine prospectivity off the salar. The northern SDJ and 100% Allkem homes were topic to minimum exploration so far. On the other hand, electric geophysics signifies prospectivity for brine underneath alluvial and deltaic sediments north of the Olaroz salar within the Cateo 498 and different homes. This has additionally just lately been showed by way of drilling by way of a 3rd birthday party with homes extending off the salar within the north of the basin.

Determine 1: Distribution of the brand new holes for Degree 2 manufacturing

Distribution of the new holes for Stage 2 production

Further geophysics has incorporated an intensive gravity and magnetic survey around the basin, that equipped knowledge at the basin intensity and corroborated the early geophysical interpretation which indicated the basin is greater than 1 km deep.

For the reason that exploration drilling for the 2011 Useful resource estimation, carried out between 2008 to 2011, extra in depth drilling undertaken for exploration and manufacturing smartly set up has equipped knowledge to depths of 751 m in Olaroz (usually 400 to 650 m) and higher outlined the basin geology. Moreover, one deep exploration gap has been drilled on the north finish of the manufacturing space to a intensity of over 1400 m, with out intersecting basement rocks. This drilling ended in advancement of a combined salar basin type, with 5 separate geological and hydrogeological (hydrostratigraphic) gadgets above the basement, outlined by way of geological and geophysical logging of holes (consult with Figures 2 and three) as up to now offered.

UH1 – Higher evaporite deposits, porous halite, clay, sand and silt
UH2 – Alluvial fanatics at the western and japanese margins of the salar, which include brine underneath brackish water off the salar (as outlined by way of manufacturing smartly E26)
UH3 – Combined sediments with clay and sand durations
UH4 – Evaporite deposits, basically halite, with clay silt and sand interbeds
UH5 – Sand gadgets, interbedded with clay and silt. Sandy subject matter is sourced from the historic western margin of the basin and turns into regularly deeper within the east of the basin

Drilling has no longer intersected the basement rocks underneath the salar and it’s conceivable that further gadgets will likely be intersected in long term deeper drilling. Within the central japanese a part of the salar unit UH4 is thicker, reflecting the nucleus of the salar on this space.

The geological interpretation throughout Olaroz could also be in keeping with the impartial interpretations on adjoining initiatives in response to drilling carried out by way of Allkem in Cauchari and the paintings carried out by way of Lithium Americas Corp (Exar) in Cauchari, being the southern continuation of the Olaroz structural basin.

Determine 2: Geological type of the Olaroz salar

Geological model of the Olaroz salar

Hydrogeology sampling background

Allkem started exploration of the Olaroz venture in 2008 and has constructed up in depth wisdom of the salar since that point. Useful resource definition drilling at the venture incorporated twenty sonic holes drilled to a intensity of 54 m around the salar, with six diamond holes to 200 m intensity. These types of drill holes had been geophysically logged and porosity samples had been taken each and every 1.5 to six m for systematic characterisation of the other geological gadgets.

Systematic period brine sampling used to be additionally undertaken within the holes drilled for the unique useful resource the use of bailer apparatus, appearing low coefficients of variation (averaging 0.18 over the 200m deep exploration holes and zero.19 for 54 m deep sonic drill holes at the salar). Two take a look at manufacturing wells had been put in for the feasibility learn about. The sort of wells (PD02) used to be therefore integrated into the southern wellfield for Degree 1 manufacturing. Pumping since 2013 has showed the unique pumping take a look at effects from this website.

Northern and southern wellfields for Degree 1 had been established with wells put in on a 1 km spacing, usually to a intensity of 200m, however with some later holes to 350m, with wells pumped since 2013. The brine flows from the manufacturing wells have sustained solid lithium brine grades over this era with brine grades usually in keeping with the result of the 2011 exploration drilling and characterisation of brine grades around the salar. Brine grades at the salar don’t display primary adjustments by way of lithology kind, with essentially the most important adjustments associated with the halite gadgets and focus of sulphate and boron.

Degree 1 manufacturing wells and exploration holes confirmed a scientific variation in brine grade laterally around the salar with upper grades within the central a part of the salar and decrease grades in opposition to the west. On the other hand, fresh deeper manufacturing wells (from 450 to 650 m deep) for Degree 2 have encountered upper grade brine in some holes within the west of the salar (E12, E17 and E19 averaging 768, 692 and 752 mg/l respectively – see Figures 3) than the shallower 200m exploration drilling in the similar space. All manufacturing wells are subjected to pumping checks to ascertain the smartly hydraulic parameters along with measurements from geophysical logging previous to starting manufacturing from the wells.

Olaroz is a combined salar predominantly consisting of clastic sediments with a surficial and a deeper halite layer. The collection is thought of as to behave as a leaky aquifer with all of the collection of sediments contributing brine waft to wells, with decrease relative contributions from compact halite subject matter. Upper brine flows are received from durations with top sand content material and better permeability, with the brine grades usually related between geological gadgets in response to the diamond drill sampling and coffee CV values of lithium brine effects from this historic sampling. In spite of small scale variability within the sedimentation the 5 hydrostratigraphic gadgets within the salar show slightly constant porosity traits internally in response to the geophysical logging.

Historic diamond drilling confirmed lithium brine concentrations have a low variability (CV) vertically down gap, with systematic variation around the salar and with decrease brine grades usually nearer to the salar margins. Check pumping from the 2011 feasibility learn about for Degree 1 of the Olaroz Lithium Facility has been showed by way of long run pumping from smartly PD02 (Southern wellfield) and adjoining wells within the wellfield. As a result, the pumping result of manufacturing wells are thought to be an affordable and dependable exchange for systematic down gap period brine samples, given the gathered wisdom at Olaroz and better density of knowledge on the venture relative to pre-development initiatives. On the other hand, additional diamond drilling is really helpful in new spaces and spaces of the salar ahead of the set up of manufacturing wells.

Determine 3 – Olaroz smartly places

Olaroz well locations

Brine pattern high quality keep an eye on

Brine samples were amassed from the wells in manufacturing as soon as they’re absolutely put in. This follows waft checks, performed to resolve the prospective manufacturing waft charges and to verify pump variety for holes and long run operation. Samples had been taken in triplicate with the principle pattern analysed on the Olaroz Lithium Facility laboratory the place they had been analysed with AA apparatus for lithium, and ICP apparatus for different primary cations and anions.

Brine same old samples and box reproduction samples had been incorporated with the pattern batches. Those QA/QC measures had been incorporated to test the efficiency of the Olaroz and exterior laboratory. Alex Stewart Argentina in Jujuy, Argentina used to be decided on as the principle exterior laboratory to assay the brine test samples. That laboratory is ISO 9001 permitted and operates consistent with Alex Stewart Workforce requirements in keeping with ISO 17025 strategies at different laboratories.

Porosity pattern high quality keep an eye on

3 diamond holes had been finished for the growth program. Cores had been amassed systematically via those holes with samples amassed in clear polycarbonate (Lexan) tubes. Those tubes had been retrieved from the core barrel and saved in core trays previous to the laboratory pattern being lower from the bottom of the tube, with 30 cm core subsamples despatched to the Geosystems Research ( GSA ) laboratory in america.

GSA applied the Speedy Brine Unencumber way (Yao et al., 2018) to measure drainable porosity and the whole porosity. The Speedy Brine Unencumber ( RBR ) way is in response to the moisture retention traits ( MRC ) way for direct size of overall porosity (Pt, MOSA Phase 4 Ch. 2, 2.3.2.1), particular retention (Sr, MOSA Phase 4 Ch3, 3.3.3.5), and particular yield (Sy, Cassel and Nielson, 1986). A simplified Tempe mobile design (Changed ASTM D6836-16) used to be used to check the core samples. Brine unencumber used to be measured at 120 mbar and 330 mbar of drive for reference (Nwankwor et al., 1984, Cassel and Nielsen, 1986). Bulk density, particle dimension analyses and particular gravity had been additionally decided on decided on core samples.

For high quality keep an eye on, a selection of paired samples consultant of the variability in lithology sorts had been decided on for trying out the use of different laboratory ways extensively utilized to measure drainable porosity. Those are the Relative Brine Unencumber Capability (RBRC, Stormont et. al., 2011) way of the DB Stephens Laboratory and the Centrifuge Moisture Identical of Soils (Centrifuge, ASTM D 6836-16) way by way of Core Laboratories (Houston, Texas). Those strategies supply an estimate of variability within the definition of the drainable porosity throughout other laboratory strategies.

Geophysical Logging

Drill holes within the Degree 2 enlargement marketing campaign had been geophysical logged by way of contractor Zelandez, with a variety of geophysical equipment (herbal gamma, resistivity, conductivity, borehole magnetic resonance, ultrasonic borehole photographs) so as to maximise the selection of knowledge from the drilling. Borehole Magnetic Resonance ( BMR ) is a geophysical device that used to be advanced by way of the oil business to measure porosity and permeability in-situ in wells to help reservoir research. The Borehole Magnetic Resonance device used to be designed and inbuilt Australia to function in extremely saline environments like salars.

The BMR device used for the drilling marketing campaign is purpose-built for logging of exploration diameter drill holes. The equipment are manufacturing unit calibrated in Australia and maintained steadily by way of the provider supplier. The information acquisition and processing method provides knowledge at the overall porosity, drainable porosity (particular yield), particular retention and gives a computation of permeability and hydraulic conductivity with a vertical solution various from 5-15 cm, offering a lot more knowledge than person core samples analysed for porosity with a spacing each and every 3 or extra metres.

Porosity cores from the 3 diamond holes drilled for the Degree 2 enlargement had been analysed within the Geosystems Research laboratory in america. This laboratory has in depth revel in analysing salar cores having enterprise analyses on a lot of salar initiatives. Porosity values from the laboratory sampling had been in comparison to the BMR porosity log. Whilst some variations are famous the overall levels of porosity values for the other hydrostratigraphic values are thought to be related.

Salar sediments show brief vary vertical and lateral variability (inside a metre or over metres to ten’s of metres) because of adjustments within the depositional atmosphere through the years. This ends up in vertical and lateral adjustments in drainable porosity. BMR drainable porosity (Particular yield) measurements had been frequently not up to corresponding laboratory measurements. BMR porosity values are thought to be to be extra conservative than laboratory measurements, as cores may also be disturbed throughout transportation to the laboratory.

Salar sediments are topic to compaction as they’re buried with compaction usually leading to a lower in overall and drainable porosity with intensity despite the fact that no longer all sediments are affected similarly by way of compaction.

Holes drilled for the unique feasibility learn about had been logged with a neutron device, as borehole magnetic resonance generation used to be no longer to be had to the lithium business in 2011. The neutron device measures the hydrogen index of the formation (solids and brine). Neutron porosity is the results of making use of a easy equation the use of the neutron size and two parameters. For the 2011 Useful resource neutron log knowledge used to be in comparison with laboratory knowledge to expand an set of rules for porosity around the useful resource space. BMR generation is thought of as extra correct for porosity definition within the salar atmosphere and has outdated use of neutron logs.

There are some variations noticed between porosity measurements made with the neutron and BMR logs via related sediments. The drainable porosity of this upgraded useful resource is not up to the 2011 Useful resource, partially because of the larger intensity of this useful resource and a few compaction of sediments, the geological durations intersected (larger thicknesses of halite) and because of a discount in related porosity values because of the kind of geophysical logging.

The continuing drilling for the Degree 2 enlargement has outlined the total thickness of the evaporite/halite unit UH4. This unit has a usually decrease porosity than overlying and underlying clastic sedimentary gadgets because of the compaction of halite with intensity. In a similar fashion clastic gadgets additionally go through some compaction with intensity and because of this the whole porosity of the newly estimated useful resource is decrease in comparison to the unique useful resource within the higher 200 m of the salar.

Estimate knowledge resources

Reasonable manufacturing smartly brine chemistry values, from all through pumping of the wells, were used as inputs for the useful resource estimation, along with the period samples traditionally amassed within the higher 200 m. This is thought of as an appropriate method on this scenario, given the extent of data to be had within the Olaroz salar, hydrogeological continuity between drill holes, comparability between historic period samples and pumped brine concentrations and the historical past of pumping knowledge to be had. Further 650 m deep diamond drilling is really helpful for long term useful resource opinions and to permit set up of extra deep tracking wells.

Geophysical logging within the deeper holes has showed usually constant drainable porosity and permeability traits all through the clastic sediments with upper porosities and permeabilities related to thicker extra sand ruled durations.

Mineral Sources

Estimation of a brine useful resource calls for definition of:

The aquifer distribution (on this case limited to the salar define, aside from round gap E26 within the south)
The distribution of drainable porosity (particular yield) values
The distribution of lithium and different components within the brine outlined by way of drilling
The exterior limits (geological or belongings barriers) of the useful resource space

The useful resource grade is a mix of the aquifer quantity, the drainable porosity (portion of the aquifer quantity this is crammed by way of brine that may doubtlessly be extracted) and the focus of lithium within the brine.

The Olaroz aquifer gadget isn’t a standard water provide taste aquifer, in response to a discrete geological unit, however moderately a layered collection of sediments that contributes brine waft to manufacturing wells. Extra permeable sand and gravel gadgets supply reasonably upper flows. The outside define of the salar is used to delimit the realm of the useful resource estimate (aside from for the off-salar extension round E26). The 2023 useful resource covers 147.9 km ² , better than the unique 2011 Useful resource space (93 km ² ).

The expanded space displays inclusion of the Olaroz Lithium and Maria Victoria homes, which have been no longer a part of the unique belongings holdings, and the realm round E26. The useful resource has been additional expanded by way of the drilling of gap E26, permitting definition of sources underneath the alluvial gravels south of the salar (Determine 3). Brine saturated sediments are identified to increase underneath alluvial sediments surrounding the salar and this used to be showed in drilling of gap E26 at the fringe of the gravels beside the salar, which persisted to 510 m in sandy and gravel subject matter.

The useful resource estimate is restricted laterally by way of the bounds (Determine 3) with adjoining belongings proprietor Exar, within the salar to the east and north of the homes owned by way of Allkem and SDJ entities. The useful resource estimate is restricted at intensity by way of the sediment-basement touch interpreted from the gravity geophysical survey carried out over the basin. Drilling suggests this interpretation underestimates the basin intensity.

Throughout the salar the three-d distribution of the other hydrostratigraphic gadgets used to be outlined the use of Leapfrog 3-D device, with those gadgets in response to geological and geophysical logging observations. The useful resource is completely throughout the salar, aside from within the gravel space extending west from manufacturing gap E26. That is the one location the place brackish water overlies brine throughout the useful resource estimate. The higher 100 m of this space off the salar has been excluded from the useful resource estimate, as a result of it isn’t brine. Conversion of the useful resource to order on this space will review extraction of this brine for long term manufacturing. In all different spaces throughout the useful resource brine starts from the salar floor.

The porosity knowledge set consisted of period porosity samples analysed in an impartial laboratory for the higher 200 m and the BMR downhole geophysics from 200 to > 650 m. Those had been used to generate a block type around the salar space, making use of abnormal kriging to the composited drainable porosity knowledge.

The distribution of lithium and different components used to be estimated from level sampling knowledge from the higher 200 m of the type, the place samples are usually spaced each and every 6 m within the 200 m holes and three m or much less within the 54 m holes. Underneath the higher 200 m the useful resource used to be estimated in response to the pumped samples from the manufacturing wells, with a unmarried price in keeping with gap representing the common pumped lithium price, assigned to the spaces with displays within the manufacturing wells.

The block type used to be built with 500 by way of 500 m blocks, with a 20 m vertical extent (Determine 4 and Determine 5). Best the portion of the block throughout the salar define is reported within the useful resource (aside from the realm round E26). The useful resource estimate used to be undertaken the use of Datamine device, with variograms advanced for the purpose samples from the higher 200 m. Estimation used to be undertaken the use of abnormal kriging. The abnormal kriging way is essentially the most repeatedly used kriging way. In spaces of sparse knowledge across the type edges Nearest Neighbour estimation used to be used.

The useful resource used to be estimated the use of 4 passes within the seek technique. The result of the primary two passes are nominally equated to blocks categorised as Measured and Indicated, with the latter two passes equating to blocks categorised as Inferred. The sources had been outlined around the salar define and extension round E26, outlined over other depths, reflecting drilling density and self belief. Long term drilling at the salar would possibly deliver further sources into the Indicated and Measured classification.

Determine 4: Lithium grades (mg/L) at 100 m (left) and 250 m under floor (proper)

Lithium grades (mg/L) at 100 m (left) and 250 m below surface (right)

Determine 5: Useful resource blocks in lithium mg/l, appearing the salar edge (purple), alluvial zone (inexperienced) within the south and the muddy marginal zone define (between purple and blue outlines)

Resource blocks in lithium mg/l, showing the salar edge (red), alluvial zone (green) in the south and the muddy marginal zone outline (between red and blue outlines)

Measured Mineral Sources

A ‘Measured Mineral Useful resource’ is that a part of a Mineral Useful resource for which amount, grade (or high quality), densities, form, and bodily traits are estimated with self belief enough to permit the appliance of Editing Components to reinforce detailed mine making plans and ultimate analysis of the industrial viability of the deposit.

Geological proof is derived from detailed and dependable exploration, sampling and trying out amassed via suitable ways from places akin to outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes, and is enough to ascertain geological and grade (or high quality) continuity between issues of statement the place knowledge and samples are amassed.

A Measured Mineral Useful resource has the next degree of self belief than that making use of to both an Indicated Mineral Useful resource or an Inferred Mineral Useful resource. It can be transformed to a Proved Ore Reserve or underneath positive cases to a Possible Ore Reserve.

Extraction of brine is ongoing from 1 km spaced, 200 m deep, manufacturing wells pumping for a duration of over 8 years. Wells have a drilling density of roughly 1 in keeping with 2 km ² within the manufacturing smartly box spaces. In depth exploration drilling used to be up to now carried out around the salar to 200 m intensity. The Measured Sources are virtually all inside 2.5 km from drill holes around the salar, as steered by way of Houston et. al., 2011 as an acceptable drilling spacing for Measured Sources in clastic salars. At the foundation of the to be had knowledge the useful resource to 200 m intensity is classed as a Measured Useful resource.

An extra space of Measured Sources has been outlined across the 3 diamond drill holes at the japanese margin of the venture, south of the deep gap E1. An extension of two.5 km from the valuables boundary has been implemented for definition of this Measured Useful resource, in keeping with the recommendation of Houston et. al., 2011. This is thought of as an affordable foundation for extension of the useful resource to 650 m intensity on this space, surrounded by way of Indicated Sources.

The Measured useful resource is reported at a 0 mg/l lithium cut-off, as all of the Olaroz salar accommodates brine with an increased lithium focus to the salar boundary.

Indicated Mineral Sources

An ‘Indicated Mineral Useful resource’ is that a part of a Mineral Useful resource for which amount, grade (or high quality), densities, form and bodily traits are estimated with enough self belief to permit the appliance of Editing Components in enough element to reinforce mine making plans and analysis of the industrial viability of the deposit.

Geological proof is derived from adequately detailed and dependable exploration, sampling and trying out amassed via suitable ways from places akin to outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes, and is enough to suppose geological and grade (or high quality) continuity between issues of statement the place knowledge and samples are amassed.

An Indicated Mineral Useful resource has a decrease degree of self belief than that making use of to a Measured Mineral Useful resource and would possibly simplest be transformed to a Possible Ore Reserve.

Geological continuity established by way of deeper drilling under 200 m, geophysical logging of holes, and sluggish adjustments in lithium focus give you the foundation for classifying the brine between 200 and 350 m under floor within the north of the salar (with lesser drilling density) and south off the salar round gap E26 as Indicated to this intensity. Within the extra central a part of the salar the useful resource is outlined as an Indicated useful resource (with larger drilling density) between 200 and 650 m intensity.

Laboratory porosity samples are reasonably restricted under 200 m, alternatively identical sediment durations are provide above 200 m at Olaroz, the place porosity traits were established from masses of laboratory analyses. In depth porosity samples from identical sediments also are to be had from the Allkem Cauchari homes. Ongoing extraction by way of pumping of brine from wells as much as 450 m deep since 2014 and from 650 m intensity for as much as 3 years, supplies self belief as to the extractability of brine from the useful resource to this intensity.

BMR porosity knowledge used to be amassed under 200 m intensity, offering in depth porosity knowledge within the Degree 2 holes. Long term drilling under 200 m supplies the chance to improve Indicated Sources to Measured standing.

Inferred Mineral Sources

An ‘Inferred Mineral Useful resource’ is that a part of a Mineral Useful resource for which amount and grade (or high quality) are estimated at the foundation of restricted geological proof and sampling. Geological proof is enough to suggest however no longer examine geological and grade (or high quality) continuity. It’s in response to exploration, sampling and trying out knowledge amassed via suitable ways from places akin to outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.

An Inferred Mineral Useful resource has a decrease degree of self belief than that making use of to an Indicated Mineral Useful resource and will have to no longer be transformed to an Ore Reserve. It’s somewhat anticipated that almost all of Inferred Mineral Sources might be upgraded to Indicated Mineral Sources with persisted exploration.

The Inferred Mineral Useful resource is outlined between 350 m and 650 m off the salar to the north and south. Throughout the salar Inferred sources are outlined under 650 m and the bottom of the basin. The bottom of the basin is outlined by way of the gravity geophysical survey, with spaces considerably deeper than 650 m outlined. There are these days 19 manufacturing wells put in to 350 m or under, with manufacturing wells for the Olaroz Growth Challenge put in between 400 and 751 m deep between the present northern and southern wellfields. The deep gap drilled within the north of the salar confirms in the community the salar sediments prolong to under 1400 m intensity. Drilling has no longer intersected the bottom of the salar sediments, the place the geophysical estimated basement intensity has been reached, suggesting the basin could also be deeper than estimated from the gravity survey. Brine samples had been finished on this deep gap.

Taking account of the distribution of brine grade and porosity so far (as decided by way of BMR geophysics) there’s a enough degree of self belief to categorise the sources extending to the ground of the basin as Inferred Sources. It’s most probably that further drilling may just convert those to the next self belief useful resource classification.

Determine 6: Distribution of useful resource classes

Distribution of resource categories

Additional exploration attainable

The useful resource is open laterally over an intensive space to the north off the salar, and to the south and west, underneath sands and gravels that encompass the salar.

To the south, earlier restricted drilling and geophysical surveys point out the brine frame is prone to prolong south to hyperlink with the Cauchari Useful resource (Allkem 100%). In a similar fashion, brine extends west of the salar. The best attainable, in response to paintings by way of Allkem and three ^rd events, is over the in depth space to the north underneath the Rio Rosario delta, the place long term drilling is needed to outline sources. The useful resource may additionally prolong at intensity past the bottom of the basin interpreted by way of gravity geophysics. So far no Allkem drilling within the Olaroz basin has but intersected the basement, taking into account important long term additions to the corporate’s useful resource base. As a result, there may be considerable attainable so as to add further sources within the venture.

This unencumber used to be authorized by way of Mr Martin Perez de Solay, CEO and Managing Director of Allkem Restricted.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

This investor ASX/TSX unencumber ( Unencumber ) accommodates basic details about the Corporate as on the date of this Unencumber. The guidelines on this Unencumber will have to no longer be thought to be to be complete or to include the entire subject matter which a shareholder or attainable investor within the Corporate would possibly require so as to resolve whether or not to deal in Stocks of Allkem. The guidelines on this Unencumber is of a basic nature simplest and does no longer purport to be entire. It will have to be learn together with the Corporate’s periodic and steady disclosure bulletins which can be to be had at allkem.co and with the Australian Securities Alternate ( ASX ) bulletins, which can be to be had at www.asx.com.au .

Technical Knowledge and Competent Individuals’ Statements

The guidelines on this document that pertains to Olaroz Exploration Effects and Mineral Sources is in response to knowledge compiled by way of Mr Murray Brooker, a Competent One who is a Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists, a ‘Recognised Skilled Organisation’ (RPO) incorporated in a listing posted at the ASX web site every now and then. Mr Brooker is an impartial guide hired by way of Hydrominex Geoscience Pty Ltd and has enough revel in this is related to the way of mineralisation and form of deposit into account and to the process being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Individual as outlined within the 2012 Version of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Effects, Mineral Sources and Ore Reserves’. He’s additionally a “Certified Individual” as outlined by way of Canadian Securities Directors’ Nationwide Software 43-101. Mr Brooker has the same opinion to the inclusion on this announcement of the issues in response to this data within the shape and context through which it seems that.

Any knowledge on this unencumber that pertains to Cauchari Challenge Mineral Sources is extracted from the discharge entitled “Cauchari JORC Useful resource will increase to 4.8 million tonnes Measured + Indicated and 1.5 million tonnes Inferred LCE” launched on 19 April 2019 and the document entitled ” NI43-101 Technical File Cauchari JV Challenge — Up to date Mineral Useful resource Estimate ” which is to be had to view on www.allkem.co and www.asx.com.au . The Competent Individual for this technical document and Mineral Useful resource estimate used to be Mr Frits Reidel, CPG, of Atacama Water (Previously FloSolutions Chile). The Corporate confirms that it isn’t conscious about any new knowledge or knowledge that materially impacts the ideas incorporated within the unique marketplace bulletins and that each one subject matter assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the Mineral Useful resource and Ore Reserve estimates within the related marketplace announcement proceed to use and feature no longer materially modified. The Corporate confirms that the shape and context through which the Competent Individual’s findings are offered have no longer been materially changed from the unique marketplace announcement.

Technical knowledge in relation to the Corporate’s Olaroz venture contained on this unencumber is derived from, and in some circumstances is an extract from, the technical document entitled “Olaroz Useful resource Replace March 2023” (Technical File) which has been reviewed and authorized by way of Murray Brooker (Hydrominex Geoscience Pty Ltd) because it pertains to geology, drilling, sampling, exploration, QA/QC, mining strategies and mineral sources and Mr Mike Gunn (Gunn Metals) because it pertains to website infrastructure, capital value, working value estimates, mining value, monetary modelling and financial research according to Nationwide Software 43-101 – Requirements for Disclosure for Mineral Initiatives. The Technical File is to be had for overview underneath the Corporate’s profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

Ahead Having a look Statements

Ahead-looking statements are in response to present expectancies and ideology and, by way of their nature, are topic to a variety of identified and unknown dangers and uncertainties that would motive the real effects, performances and achievements to range materially from any anticipated long term effects, performances or achievements expressed or implied by way of such forward-looking statements, together with however no longer restricted to, the danger of additional adjustments in govt laws, insurance policies or regulation; the dangers related to the continuing implementation of the merger between the Corporate and Galaxy Sources Ltd, dangers that additional investment could also be required, however unavailable, for the continuing advancement of the Corporate’s initiatives; fluctuations or decreases in commodity costs; uncertainty within the estimation, financial viability, recoverability and processing of mineral sources; dangers related to advancement of the Corporate Initiatives; sudden capital or working value will increase; uncertainty of assembly expected program milestones on the Corporate’s Initiatives; dangers related to funding in publicly indexed firms, such because the Corporate; and dangers related to basic financial stipulations.

Topic to any proceeding legal responsibility underneath appropriate regulation or related list laws of the ASX, the Corporate disclaims any legal responsibility or enterprise to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements on this Unencumber to mirror any exchange in expectancies relating to any forward-looking statements or any exchange in occasions, stipulations or cases on which this kind of statements are based totally. Not anything on this Unencumber shall underneath any cases (together with by way of explanation why of this Unencumber last to be had and no longer being outdated or changed by way of every other Unencumber or e-newsletter with appreciate to the subject material of this Unencumber), create an implication that there was no exchange within the affairs of the Corporate because the date of this Unencumber.

Now not for unencumber or distribution in the US

This announcement has been ready for e-newsletter in Australia and might not be launched to U.S. cord services and products or dispensed in the US. This announcement does no longer represent an be offering to promote, or a solicitation of an be offering to shop for, securities in the US or every other jurisdiction, and neither this announcement or anything else hooked up to this announcement shall shape the foundation of any contract or dedication.

APPENDIX A: DRILL HOLE COLLARS AND LITHIUM CONCENTRATION

DRILL HOLE COLLARS AND LITHIUM CONCENTRATION

*Reasonable smartly flows from 12 January 2017 to 31 January 2023

APPENDIX B

JORC Desk 1 – Phase 1 Sampling Tactics and Knowledge associated with Olaroz Degree 2 enlargement drilling (Standards on this segment observe to all succeeding sections.)

Standards	JORC Code clarification	Statement
*Sampling ways*	Nature and high quality of sampling (eg lower channels, random chips, or particular specialized business same old size equipment suitable to the minerals underneath investigation, akin to down gap gamma sondes, or hand-held XRF tools, and so forth). Those examples will have to no longer be taken as proscribing the huge meaning of sampling. Come with connection with measures taken to verify pattern representivity and the fitting calibration of any size equipment or programs used. Sides of the resolution of mineralisation which might be Subject material to the Public File. In circumstances the place ‘business same old’ paintings has been achieved this may be reasonably easy (eg ‘opposite stream drilling used to be used to acquire 1 m samples from which 3 kg used to be pulverised to supply a 30 g rate for hearth assay’). In different circumstances extra clarification could also be required, akin to the place there may be coarse gold that has inherent sampling issues. Atypical commodities or mineralisation sorts (eg submarine nodules) would possibly warrant disclosure of detailed knowledge.	Holes had been drilled the use of the rotary drilling method. Drill cuttings had been amassed to spot the sediment kind and evaluate observations with downhole geophysical logs. Dust samples had been taken throughout drilling to judge adjustments in homes akin to fluid density, electric conductivity and dissolved ions. A complete suite of down gap geophysical logs used to be run open gap, as soon as holes reached overall intensity. This equipped more information at the lithologies encountered throughout drilling. This incorporated within the deep 1408 m gap. The downhole logging used to be undertaken by way of the corporate Zelandez, who’ve in depth revel in with geophysical going online salt lake initiatives. Drill cuttings had been described by way of skilled geoscientists, and the consequences in comparison with effects from within sight holes and with the geophysical logs. Samples weren’t amassed for assay from the cuttings, as the principle purpose of the holes used to be to verify the geology to the intensity of drilling and set up manufacturing wells. Cuttings had been used to explain the lithology. Samples for brine research had been taken from the manufacturing wells when wiped clean up and pumped. Qualitative adjustments in brine stipulations had been additionally evaluated throughout drilling. 3 diamond holes had been drilled on this program, with core samples amassed in polycarbonate (Lexan) tubes and decided on durations analysed for porosity laboratory in an impartial lithology (Geosystems Research in america).
*Drilling ways*	Drill kind (eg core, opposite stream, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, and so forth) and main points (eg core diameter, triple or same old tube, intensity of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or different kind, whether or not core is orientated and if that is so, by way of what way, and so forth).	Rotary drilling with a tricone bit used to be used to drill all of the duration of the manufacturing holes, attaining depths between 450 and 650 m (in a single gap 751 m), and likewise used for the deep gap to 1408 m. Brine from a floor trench (low lithium content material) used to be used to combine drilling muds, to expand a thick wall cake within the rotary holes and handle gap steadiness. 3 diamond holes had been drilled on this program, with the aim of gathering porosity knowledge and brine samples.
*Drill pattern restoration*	Approach of recording and assessing core and chip pattern recoveries and effects assessed. Measures taken to maximize pattern restoration and make sure consultant nature of the samples. Whether or not a dating exists between pattern restoration and grade and whether or not pattern bias could have came about because of preferential loss/achieve of good/coarse subject matter.	Drill cuttings had been described by way of skilled geoscientists, and the observations in comparison with effects from within sight holes and with the geophysical logs. Pattern restoration used to be aided by way of as it should be ready drilling dust to take away cuttings from the opening. Reducing samples weren’t analysed chemically and outlines had been a qualitative analysis of the lithologies encountered within the gap. There is not any dating between pattern restoration and ion concentrations within the brine on this case. Core pattern restoration for the 3 fresh diamond holes used to be between 86.1 and 88.6%, which is upper than historic diamond drilling carried out to 200 m intensity. Core sampling is enhanced by way of use of polycarbonate (Lexan) triple tubes. Unconsolidated salt lake sediments have a lot decrease core recoveries than onerous rock deposits.
*Logging*	Whether or not core and chip samples were geologically and geotechnically logged to a degree of element to reinforce suitable Mineral Useful resource estimation, mining research and metallurgical research. Whether or not logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, and so forth) pictures. The overall duration and proportion of the related intersections logged.	Drill cuttings had been described by way of skilled geoscientists, and the observations in comparison with effects from within sight holes and with the geophysical logs. This has equipped a constant stratigraphy, supporting useful resource estimation and mining research. Reducing logging is of a qualitative nature and effects had been in comparison with the quantitative geophysical logs to interpret the lithologies encountered within the gap. All intersections with pattern restoration had been logged.
*Sub-sampling ways and pattern preparation*	If core, whether or not lower or sawn and whether or not quarter, 1/2 or all core taken. If non-core, whether or not riffled, tube sampled, rotary break up, and so forth and whether or not sampled rainy or dry. For all pattern sorts, the character, high quality and appropriateness of the pattern preparation method. High quality keep an eye on procedures followed for all sub-sampling levels to maximize representivity of samples. Measures taken to make certain that the sampling is consultant of the in situ subject matter amassed, together with as an example effects for box reproduction/second-half sampling. Whether or not pattern sizes are suitable to the grain dimension of the fabric being sampled.	Cuttings had been simplest used to spot the lithology and weren’t used for chemical research, and had been simplest sub-sampled to gather consultant reference samples. Dust samples had been taken from the returned drilling muds and analysed for concentrations of lithium and different components, which maintained increased and identical concentrations throughout the drill gap. Because of the rotary dust nature of this drilling the dust samples are thought to be simplest qualitative and no longer quantitative. As a result, the dust pattern analytical effects are NOT reported on this unencumber and NOT used for useful resource estimation. Brine samples from manufacturing wells are from manufacturing pumping or pumping checks of latest wells, as soon as wells had been advanced and wiped clean or were in manufacturing, in some circumstances for greater than 5 years, with constant lithium concentrations.
*High quality of assay knowledge and laboratory checks*	The character, high quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether or not the method is thought of as partial or overall. For geophysical equipment, spectrometers, hand-held XRF tools, and so forth, the parameters utilized in figuring out the research together with tool make and type, studying instances, calibrations elements implemented and their derivation, and so forth. Nature of high quality keep an eye on procedures followed (eg requirements, blanks, duplicates, exterior laboratory assessments) and whether or not appropriate ranges of accuracy (i.e. loss of bias) and precision were established.	The brine samples (from manufacturing wells and pumping checks carried out as soon as wells had been absolutely put in and wiped clean) had been analysed on the Olaroz website laboratory. High quality keep an eye on/Assurance samples had been utilized by the Olaroz website laboratory, which isn’t a licensed industrial laboratory. Requirements accompanying brine samples within the Olaroz laboratory were analysed in industrial laboratories as a part of a laboratory “spherical robin” research Take a look at samples had been analysed within the Alex Stuart impartial industrial laboratory in Jujuy, Argentina. Replica samples were analysed in industrial laboratories as a part of QA/QC procedures. Effects had been usually inside appropriate limits. Downhole geophysical equipment had been equipped by way of geophysical contractor Zelandez. Those are calibrated periodically to supply constant effects. BMR equipment are calibrated annually in Australia.
*Verification of sampling and assaying*	The verification of vital intersections by way of both impartial or selection corporate group of workers. Using twinned holes. Documentation of number one knowledge, knowledge access procedures, knowledge verification, knowledge garage (bodily and digital) protocols. Talk about any adjustment to assay knowledge.	Brine analyses are from pump trying out publish set up of manufacturing wells, are quantitative analyses and had been reviewed by way of other corporate group of workers. Laboratory knowledge (from spreadsheets) is loaded at once into the venture database by way of corporate group of workers. Brine samples from manufacturing wells had been analysed within the Olaroz website laboratory, with QA/QC samples analysed within the Alex Get started impartial laboratory in Jujuy, Argentina
*Location of knowledge issues*	Accuracy and high quality of surveys used to find drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and different places utilized in Mineral Useful resource estimation. Specification of the grid gadget used. High quality and adequacy of topographic keep an eye on.	The holes had been situated to begin with with a handheld GPS and are therefore surveyed by way of a licensed surveyor. Manufacturing wells and diamond holes are drilled with a basic spacing of one km between holes. The Challenge location is in zone 3 of the Argentine Gauss Kruger coordinate gadget with the Argentine POSGAR 94 datum.
*Knowledge spacing and distribution*	Knowledge spacing for reporting of Exploration Effects. Whether or not the information spacing and distribution is enough to determine the stage of geological and grade continuity suitable for the Mineral Useful resource and Ore Reserve estimation process(s) and classifications implemented. Whether or not pattern compositing has been implemented.	Lithological knowledge used to be amassed all through the drilling from cuttings and geophysical logging. Historic diamond drilling used to be carried out to 200 m intensity, with 3 fresh diamond drill holes to 650 m intensity. Because of the rotary drilling method samples for indicative brine chemistry, weren’t amassed at common durations throughout drilling. Brine samples had been amassed from the pumping of wells, as soon as wells had been put in and wiped clean (advanced). The samples taken throughout the pumping checks are composite samples, sourced from a couple of smartly displays all through the wells the place displays are put in (via a lot of the opening). Brine samples from historic diamond and sonic drilling had been taken at a vertical spacing of three and six m to 54 m and nominally 6 m between 54 and 200 samples, with precise sampling abnormal and relying on stipulations. This knowledge paperwork a part of the useful resource estimate, in conjunction with newer knowledge.
*Orientation of knowledge relating to geological construction*	Whether or not the orientation of sampling achieves independent sampling of conceivable buildings and the level to which that is identified, bearing in mind the deposit kind. If the connection between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised buildings is thought of as to have offered a sampling bias, this will have to be assessed and reported if subject matter.	The salar deposits that host lithium-bearing brines include sub-horizontal beds and lenses of sand, silt, halite, clay and minor gravel, relying at the location throughout the salar. Drill holes are vertical and necessarily perpendicular to those gadgets intersecting with regards to their true thickness. Faults controlling basin advancement happen at the basin margins.
*Pattern safety*	The measures taken to verify pattern safety.	Brine samples had been moved from the drill website to protected garage on the camp every day. All brine pattern bottles are marked with a singular label. Samples had been transported from the camp to the laboratory for chemical research in sealed inflexible plastic bottles with pattern numbers obviously known.
*Audits or critiques*	The result of any audits or critiques of sampling ways and knowledge.	No audits or critiques were carried out at this day and age.

Phase 2 – Reporting of Exploration Effects

(Standards indexed within the previous segment additionally observe to this segment.)

Standards	JORC Code clarification	Statement
*Mineral tenement and land tenure standing*	Kind, reference identify/quantity, location and possession together with agreements or subject matter problems with 3rd events akin to joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, local name pursuits, historic websites, desert or nationwide park and environmental settings. The protection of the tenure held on the time of reporting in conjunction with any identified impediments to acquiring a licence to function within the space.	The Olaroz homes (operated by way of Gross sales de Jujuy for the three way partnership between Allkem 66.5%, Toyota Tsusho 25% and JEMSE 8.5%) are situated within the province of Jujuy in northern Argentina at an elevation of roughly 3,900 masl. Allkem additionally owns 100% of a variety of different homes within the north of the Olaroz salar. The corporate has owned the vast majority of the homes for over 10 years The SDJ three way partnership venture contains 52,391 ha in 37 mineral homes and the 9,475 ha within the 5 Olaroz lithium homes. The venture has been in manufacturing since 2013. The mining operation is from a sequence of mining licenses (minas) accredited for manufacturing. Those are surrounded by way of different mining licenses and exploration homes (Cateos). The venture advancement used to be authorized by way of the provincial govt UGAMP technical committee in 2012, and gained different approvals for venture advancement in this period of time. The venture has an 8.5% participation by way of the provincial mining company JEMSE, is topic to a royalty of three% and an export tax of four.5% of mine gate price. Toyota Tsusho and Allkem act because the joint advertising and marketing agent for lithium produced on the venture. The tenements/homes are believed to be in just right status, with bills made to related govt departments. The corporate maintains just right relationships with the native govt and govt companies and communities as a part of operations. Many native population paintings on the Olaroz operation. A number of peripheral homes have no longer but been absolutely granted, as that is a longer procedure for mining rentals in Argentina. Homes are throughout the Reserva Provincial de Fauna y Plants Olaroz-Cauchari (a regional wildlife reserve), as is the adjacent Exar venture. This reserve lets in for a couple of makes use of, together with agriculture and mining.
*Exploration achieved by way of different events*	Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by way of different events.	The homes weren’t topic to any exploration for lithium previous to Allkem (Orocobre) acquiring the homes. Vital exploration has been carried out right away to the east and south of the Olaroz homes by way of Minera Exar, leading to a big useful resource and comparable reserve and a brine pumping venture is these days in building. Additional south in Cauchari Olaroz subsidiary, South American Salars has outlined a 4.8 Mt LCE useful resource in Measured and Indicated classes and 1.5 Mt of Inferred sources. Those 3 initiatives are all advanced on other portions of the similar lithium brine frame.
*Geology*	Deposit kind, geological environment and elegance of mineralisation.	The venture is a lithium salt lake deposit, situated in a closed basin within the Andean mountain vary in Northern Argentina. The sediments throughout the salar include halite, clay, silt, sand and gravel that have gathered within the salar from terrestrial sedimentation from the edges of the basin. Brine internet hosting dissolved lithium is found in pore areas and fractures inside unconsolidated sediments. Evaporation of brines coming into and throughout the salt lake generates the concentrated lithium this is extracted by way of pumping out the brine. The sediments are interpreted to be necessarily flat mendacity with unconfined aquifer stipulations with regards to floor and semi-confined to confined stipulations at intensity Geology used to be recorded throughout drilling of the opening.
*Drill gap Knowledge*	A abstract of all knowledge subject matter to the working out of the exploration effects together with a tabulation of the next knowledge for all Subject material drill holes: easting and northing of the drill gap collar elevation or RL (Diminished Degree – elevation above sea degree in metres) of the drill gap collar dip and azimuth of the opening down gap duration and interception intensity gap duration. If the exclusion of this data is justified at the foundation that the ideas isn’t Subject material and this exclusion does no longer detract from the working out of the document, the Competent Individual will have to obviously provide an explanation for why that is the case.	The holes are situated within the mining homes protecting the Olaroz salt lake, centred round roughly 7402000N/ 3427000E and roughly 3930 m elevation, in Zone 3 of the Argentine Gauss Kruger grid gadget, the use of the Posgar 94 datum. The drill holes are all vertical, (dip -90, azimuth 0 levels). Collar coordinates and depths are equipped in a desk following the announcement. At the salt lake brine is provide from inside ~1 m of floor to the bottom of drilling. Lithological knowledge used to be amassed from the dust go back cuttings as the opening used to be drilled and from the geophysical logging of holes. Earlier sonic and diamond drilling core samples had been amassed in polycarbonate Lexan tubes and described intimately, with laboratory analyses manufactured from the sediment porosity in different world laboratories.
*Knowledge aggregation strategies*	In reporting Exploration Effects, weighting averaging ways, most and/or minimal grade truncations (eg slicing of top grades) and cut-off grades are normally Subject material and will have to be said. The place mixture intercepts incorporate brief lengths of top grade effects and longer lengths of low grade effects, the process used for such aggregation will have to be said and a few conventional examples of such aggregations will have to be proven intimately. The assumptions used for any reporting of steel an identical values will have to be obviously said.	Brine samples had been taken from pumping wells on the crowning glory of pumping checks. Effects throughout the pumping checks had been analysed and in comparison, to verify effects had been repeatable. The pumping smartly samples are composite samples that mirror inflows from other ranges throughout the wells, which can be screened at a couple of ranges all through their intensity. The lithium focus within the pumped samples is a median of the focus from other gadgets with reasonably upper and decrease values than the common. Extra permeable gadgets give a contribution the next percentage of the brine within the pumped samples. The pumped samples are thought to be to be sufficiently consultant of the brine contained in sediments the place the holes are drilled, in response to earlier comparisons with diamond drill holes to 200 m intensity, which confirmed low vertical coefficients of variation (CV).
*Courting between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths*	Those relationships are in particular vital within the reporting of Exploration Effects. If the geometry of the mineralisation with appreciate to the drill gap perspective is understood, its nature will have to be reported. If it isn’t identified and simplest the down gap lengths are reported, there will have to be a transparent remark to this impact (eg ‘down gap duration, true width no longer identified’).	The sediments internet hosting brine are interpreted to be necessarily perpendicular to the vertical drill holes, representing true thicknesses in drilling. All of the thickness of sediments is assumed to be mineralized with lithium brine, with the water desk inside roughly 1 metre of floor. Lithium is hosted in brine in pores throughout the other terrestrial sedimentary gadgets within the salt lake collection.
*Diagrams*	Suitable maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts will have to be incorporated for any important discovery being reported Those will have to come with, however no longer be restricted to a plan view of drill gap collar places and suitable sectional perspectives.	Diagrams are equipped within the textual content appearing the positioning of the homes, the drill holes and move segment throughout the deposit, appearing the correlation of geological gadgets.
*Balanced reporting*	The place complete reporting of all Exploration Effects isn’t practicable, consultant reporting of each high and low grades and/or widths will have to be practiced to keep away from deceptive reporting of Exploration Effects.	Knowledge in regards to the drilling and sampling has been equipped within the unencumber. A desk is supplied with the result of the pumping wells, that have equipped the foundation for estimation under 200 m intensity.
*Different substantive exploration knowledge*	Different exploration knowledge, if significant and subject matter, will have to be reported together with (however no longer restricted to): geological observations; geophysical survey effects; geochemical survey effects; bulk samples – dimension and way of remedy; metallurgical take a look at effects; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock traits; attainable deleterious or contaminating components.	The corporate has engaging in rotary drilling to acquire geological knowledge, brine samples, and hydraulic parameters for the set up of extra manufacturing wells. Long term drilling will even reinforce an replace of the useful resource estimation. Long term updates to the useful resource will likely be launched when drilling is carried out peripheral to the salar in spaces when very little present drilling.
*Additional paintings*	The character and scale of deliberate additional paintings (eg checks for lateral extensions or intensity extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). Diagrams obviously highlighting the spaces of conceivable extensions, together with the principle geological interpretations and long term drilling spaces, equipped this data isn’t commercially delicate.	The corporate has just lately finished putting in 15 deep manufacturing wells for Degree 2 of the venture. Long term drilling is deliberate to increase additional north and south of the present useful resource space, to reinforce definition of additional sources in the ones spaces (consult with the map with drill holes within the unencumber). Complete documentation outlining the useful resource drilling is deliberate for unencumber when that long term drilling is entire.

Phase 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Sources

Standards	JORC Code clarification	Statement
*Database integrity*	Measures taken to make certain that knowledge has no longer been corrupted by way of, for instance, transcription or keying mistakes, between its preliminary assortment and its use for Mineral Useful resource estimation functions. Knowledge validation procedures used.	Knowledge used to be transferred at once from laboratory spreadsheets to the database. Knowledge used to be checked for transcription mistakes as soon as within the database, to verify coordinates, assay values and lithological codes had been proper Knowledge used to be plotted to test the spatial location and dating to adjacent pattern issues Duplicates and Requirements were used within the assay procedure. Brine assays and porosity take a look at paintings were analysed and in comparison with different publicly to be had knowledge for reasonableness. Comparisons of unique and present datasets had been made to verify no loss of integrity.
*Website online visits*	Touch upon any website visits undertaken by way of the Competent Individual and the end result of the ones visits. If no website visits were undertaken point out why that is the case.	The Competent Individuals visited the website again and again prior to the present drilling and sampling program and extra just lately Mr Brooker visited the website in November 2022. Competent Individual M Brooker used to be chargeable for up to now making plans the positioning of the brand new manufacturing wells.
*Geological interpretation*	Self assurance in (or conversely, the uncertainty of ) the geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. Nature of the information used and of any assumptions made. The impact, if any, of other interpretations on Mineral Useful resource estimation. Using geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Useful resource estimation. The standards affecting continuity either one of grade and geology.	There’s a top degree of self belief within the geological type for the Challenge. There are reasonably distinct geological gadgets in necessarily flat mendacity, reasonably uniform, clastic sediments and halite. The drainable porosity knowledge is composed of extraordinarily detailed knowledge from geophysical logging, in depth historic porosity samples to 200 m deep and sparse porosity samples as much as 650 m deep, supplemented by way of BMR geophysical knowledge in manufacturing wells. Brine knowledge under 200 m, is composed of composite pumped samples from holes, which give life like knowledge relating to brine concentrations. Any selection interpretations are limited to smaller scale diversifications in sedimentology and porosity, associated with adjustments in grain dimension and wonderful subject matter in gadgets, as porosity is the important thing affect at the useful resource estimate. Geological gadgets are known within the geological and geophysical logging of holes and separated within the hydrostratigraphic type, the place unit particular porosity traits are implemented. Knowledge used within the interpretation comprises sonic, rotary and diamond drilling. Sedimentary processes impact the continuity of geology, while the focus of lithium and potassium and different components within the brine are associated with water inflows, evaporation and brine evolution within the salt lake and are necessarily impartial of porosity.
*Dimensions*	The level and variability of the Mineral Useful resource expressed as duration (alongside strike or another way), plan width, and intensity under floor to the higher and decrease limits of the Mineral Useful resource.	The lateral extent of the useful resource has been outlined by way of the boundary of the salar, aside from within the SE round E26, and within the east and north the boundary with adjoining homes. At the salar (and within the southern extension under alluvial gravels) the brine mineralisation covers 147.9 km ² . The highest of the type coincides with the topography received from the Go back and forth Radar Topography Challenge (SRTM). The unique elevations had been in the community adjusted for every borehole collar with essentially the most correct drill gap collar coordinates to be had. The bottom of the useful resource is the bottom of the basin, as interpreted from gravity geophysics. The intensity of the basin is prone to exceed the intensity interpreted from the geophysics, in response to drilling so far. The basement rocks underlying the salt lake sediments have no longer but been intersected in drilling.
Estimation and modelling ways	The character and appropriateness of the estimation method(s) implemented and key assumptions, together with remedy of maximum grade values, domaining, interpolation parameters and most distance of extrapolation from knowledge issues. If a pc assisted estimation way used to be selected come with an outline of laptop device and parameters used. The supply of test estimates, earlier estimates and/or mine manufacturing information and whether or not the Mineral Useful resource estimate takes suitable account of such knowledge. The assumptions made relating to restoration of by-products. Estimation of deleterious components or different non-grade variables of financial importance (eg sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation). Relating to block type interpolation, the block dimension relating to the common pattern spacing and the hunt hired. Any assumptions in the back of modelling of selective mining gadgets. Any assumptions about correlation between variables. Description of ways the geological interpretation used to be used to keep an eye on the useful resource estimates. Dialogue of foundation for the use of or no longer the use of grade slicing or capping. The method of validation, the checking procedure used, the comparability of type knowledge to drill gap knowledge, and use of reconciliation knowledge if to be had.	The useful resource estimation for the Challenge used to be advanced in Datamine Tool, with the geological type advanced in Leapfrog device. The type is thought of as a competent illustration of the native lithology and will likely be delicate as new knowledge turns into to be had. Technology of histograms and field plots used to be carried out for the Exploratory Knowledge Research for lithium. It will have to be famous the hunt radii are flattened ellipsoids with the shortest distance within the Z axis (associated with the variogram distance). No outlier restrictions had been implemented, as distributions of the other components don’t display anomalously top values. No grade slicing or capping used to be implemented to the type. The coefficient of variation within the brine effects is low, reflecting the reasonably homogeneous distribution of brine grades around the salar. Effects from the principle porosity laboratory GSA are in comparison with effects from test Core Laboratories. Potassium is essentially the most economically important component dissolved within the brine after lithium. Estimation of Lithium for every block used abnormal kriging. The presence of brine isn’t essentially managed by way of the lithologies and lithium and potassium concentrations are impartial of lithology. Geological gadgets had onerous barriers for estimation of porosity. Estimation of sources used drainable porosity knowledge from BMR geophysical logs. The block dimension (500 x 500 x 20 m) displays the thick and reasonably homogeneous nature of the lithological gadgets. No assumptions had been made relating to selective mining gadgets and selective mining is usually no longer possible in brine deposits, the place brine flows in line with pumping. No assumptions had been made about correlation between variables. Lithium and potassium had been estimated independently. The geological interpretation used to be used to outline every geological unit and the salar boundary and belongings restrict had been used to surround the reported sources. The lithium and potassium concentrations aren’t essentially associated with a specific lithology. The Inferred useful resource used to be estimated at the foundation that it’s throughout the salt lake or right away adjoining and occupies the similar or identical geological gadgets to the Indicated and Measured useful resource, despite the fact that drilling within the Inferred useful resource space is extra restricted across the margins of the salar. Validation used to be carried out the use of a sequence of assessments together with comparability of univariate statistics for international estimation bias, and visible inspection towards samples on plans and sections. Visible validation displays an appropriate settlement between the samples and the OK estimates.
Moisture	Whether or not the tonnages are estimated on a dry foundation or with herbal moisture, and the process of resolution of the moisture content material.	Moisture content material of the cores used to be Measured (porosity and density measurements had been made), however as brine is extracted by way of pumping no longer mining the sediments moisture isn’t related for the useful resource estimation. Tonnages are estimated as metal lithium and potassium dissolved in brine, with lithium values transformed to a lithium carbonate tonnage the use of a conversion issue of five.32.
*Lower-off parameters*	The root of the followed cut-off grade(s) or high quality parameters implemented.	No cut-off grade has been implemented, with the useful resource reported at a 0 mg/l bring to an end. Brine at financial lithium concentrations is provide around the salt lake and the alluvial gravels that encompass the salar.
*Mining elements or assumptions*	Assumptions made relating to conceivable mining strategies, minimal mining dimensions and interior (or, if appropriate, exterior) mining dilution. It’s all the time important as a part of the method of figuring out cheap possibilities for eventual financial extraction to believe attainable mining strategies, however the assumptions made relating to mining strategies and parameters when estimating Mineral Sources won’t all the time be rigorous. The place that is the case, this will have to be reported with an evidence of the foundation of the mining assumptions made.	The useful resource has been quoted relating to brine quantity, focus of dissolved components, contained lithium and their product lithium carbonate. No mining or restoration elements were implemented (despite the fact that the usage of the particular yield = drainable porosity is used to mirror the cheap possibilities for financial extraction with the proposed mining method). It will have to be famous that conversion of sources to reserves for brine deposits is not up to that for onerous rock deposits. Dilution of brine concentrations would possibly happen through the years and usually there are lithium and potassium losses in each the ponds and processing plant in brine mining operations. On the other hand, attainable dilution will likely be estimated within the groundwater type simulating brine extraction, to outline a reserve. The conceptual mining way is improving brine from the salt lake by way of a community of wells, the established follow on current lithium brine initiatives. Detailed hydrologic research of the lake were undertaken (catchment and groundwater modelling) to judge the extractable sources and attainable extraction charges
*Metallurgical elements or assumptions*	The root for assumptions or predictions relating to metallurgical amenability. It’s all the time important as a part of the method of figuring out cheap possibilities for eventual financial extraction to believe attainable metallurgical strategies, however the assumptions relating to metallurgical remedy processes and parameters made when reporting Mineral Sources won’t all the time be rigorous. The place that is the case, this will have to be reported with an evidence of the foundation of the metallurgical assumptions made.	Lithium carbonate is these days produced on website by way of typical brine processing ways and evaporation ponds to pay attention the brine previous to processing Further brine extracted for the Degree 2 enlargement can be processed the similar method, with refinements associated with optimisation of the method, learnt from operation of Degree 1.
*Environmental elements or assumptions*	Assumptions made relating to conceivable waste and procedure residue disposal choices. It’s all the time important as a part of the method of figuring out cheap possibilities for eventual financial extraction to believe the prospective environmental affects of the mining and processing operation. Whilst at this level the resolution of attainable environmental affects, in particular for a greenfields venture, won’t all the time be smartly complicated, the standing of early attention of those attainable environmental affects will have to be reported. The place those sides have no longer been thought to be this will have to be reported with an evidence of the environmental assumptions made.	Affects of the lithium carbonate manufacturing operation on the Olaroz salar come with; floor disturbance from the introduction of extraction/processing amenities and related infrastructure, accumulation of more than a few salt tailings impoundments and extraction from brine and freshwater aquifers domestically. Induced salts are amassed in ponds and later returned to the salar. The venture holds the important environmental lets in for the Degree 1 and Degree 2 manufacturing.
*Bulk density*	Whether or not assumed or decided. If assumed, the foundation for the assumptions. If decided, the process used, whether or not rainy or dry, the frequency of the measurements, the character, dimension and representativeness of the samples. The majority density for bulk subject matter will have to were measured by way of strategies that adequately account for void areas (vugs, porosity, and so forth), moisture and variations between rock and alteration zones throughout the deposit. Talk about assumptions for bulk density estimates used within the analysis strategy of the other fabrics.	Density measurements had been taken as a part of the drill core overview. This incorporated figuring out dry density and particle density in addition to box measurements of brine density. Word that no mining of sediments is to be performed, as brine is to be extracted by way of pumping and because of this sediments aren’t mined however the lithium and potassium is extracted by way of pumping. No bulk density used to be implemented to the estimates as a result of sources are outlined by way of quantity, moderately than by way of tonnage. The salt unit can include fractures and perhaps vugs which host brine and upload to the drainable porosity. On the other hand, salt gadgets under 50 m intensity are usually rather compact
*Classification*	The root for the classification of the Mineral Sources into various self belief classes. Whether or not suitable account has been taken of all related elements (ie relative self belief in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of enter knowledge, self belief in continuity of geology and steel values, high quality, amount and distribution of the information). Whether or not the end result as it should be displays the Competent Individual’s view of the deposit.	The useful resource has been categorised in Measured, Indicated and Inferred sources classes in response to the spatial distribution of knowledge and self belief within the estimation. Measured and Indicated useful resource mirror upper self belief within the geological interpretation within the higher ranges of the salar and the larger frequency of knowledge, the place there may be present manufacturing. The Inferred useful resource underlies the Indicated and Measured useful resource within the deeper a part of the salar and across the edges of the salar, and displays the restricted drilling in those spaces. Within the view of the Competent Individual the useful resource classification is assumed to adequately mirror the to be had knowledge and takes into consideration and is in keeping with the JORC code 2012 and the Australian Brine Pointers.
*Audits or critiques*	The result of any audits or critiques of Mineral Useful resource estimates.	This Mineral Useful resource used to be estimated by way of impartial consultancy H&S Specialists, with paintings supervised by way of the Competent Individual Mr Brooker.
*Dialogue of relative accuracy/ self belief*	The place suitable a remark of the relative accuracy and self belief degree within the Mineral Useful resource estimate the use of an method or process deemed suitable by way of the Competent Individual. As an example, the appliance of statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the useful resource inside said self belief limits, or, if such an method isn’t deemed suitable, a qualitative dialogue of the standards that would impact the relative accuracy and self belief of the estimate. The remark will have to specify whether or not it pertains to international or native estimates, and, if native, state the related tonnages, which will have to be related to technical and financial analysis. Documentation will have to come with assumptions made and the procedures used. Those statements of relative accuracy and self belief of the estimate will have to be in comparison with manufacturing knowledge, the place to be had.	An overview of the estimated blocks used to be made towards the drill gap knowledge on sections and located to be appropriate.